Large intestine

Anatomy Of Large Intestine

• Caecum : it is the beginning of large intestine

• It is present in the right iliac fossa.

• Into the postero medial wall of caecum, the ileum will open through the ileocaecal orifice which is guarded by a valve.

• 2cms below this, the appendix will open through appendicular orifice which is also guarded by a valve.

• The caecum is continued upward as ascending colon.

• There are four types of caecum.

• Arterial supply : Anterial and posterial caecal arteries.

• Venous drainage : Into superior mesenteric vein.

• Lymphatic Drainage : into the superior mesentric group of lymph of lymph nodes.

• Nerve supply : vagus nerves.

Vermiform Appendix :

• It is the narrowest part of the digestive tube.

• It belongs to the large intestine.

• It is a vestigial organ in human beings.

• It has got a base, body and tip.

• The tip is coiled upon itself there by it looks like a worm, so it is called as vermiform appendix.

• The base opens into the caecum through appendicular orifice which is present 2 cms below the ilio-caecal orifice.

• It is guarded by a valve.

• Depending on the location of the tip there are various positions of appendix.

• Arterial supply : Appendicular artery.

• Venous drainage : superior mesenteric veins.

• Nerve supply : vagus nerves.

• Lymphatic drainage : superior mesenteric group of lymph nodes.

Applied Anatomy :

• Inflammation of appendix is called as appendicitis it is the most common cause of acute abdominal pain. The patient complaints of severe pain in the abdomen, fever and vomiting.

• It has to be treated by an emergency surgery the appendix has to be removed. This procedure is called as appendectomy.

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