Vitamin K

1.1  Vitamin K : ( Menadiol Acetate )

Uses :

• Prophylaxis and treatment of hemorrhagic disease of the newborn.
• Vitamin K is used to treat and prevent low levels of certain substances ( Blood Clotting  factors ) that our body naturally produces.
• These substances help our blood to thicken and stop bleeding normally

         Ex : After an accident cur or Injury.

• Low levels of blood clotting factors increase the risk for unusual bleeding.
• Vitamin K helps to treat and prevent unusual bleeding by increasing the body’s production of blood clotting factors.

Dosage :

Group                                                       RDA

Infant                                                    1 – 5 ug/kg for infant

Adult                                                     0.03 ug/kg for adult

0 – 6 Months                                         5 Micrograms / Day

6 – 12 Months                                     10 Micrograms / Day

1 – 3 Years                                          15 Micrograms / Day

4 – 6 Years                                          20 Micrograms / Day

7 – 10 Years                                        30 Micrograms / Day

11 – 14 Years                                      45 Micrograms / Day

15 – 18 Years ( Girls )                        55 Micrograms / Day

19 – 24 Years ( Women )                   60 Micrograms / Day

25 Year above ( Women )                  65 Micrograms / Day

Pregnant Or Breast Feeding               65 Micrograms / Day

Indications :

•         Hypoprothrombinemia
•      Prophylaxis and treatment of hemorrhagic disease of the newborn
•      Hemmorrhage
•      Hematuria
•      Hemorrhagia
•      Epistaxis
•      Retinal Hemorrhage.
•      Endoscopy procedures.

     Contra Indications :

•     Vitamin K can cause hyperbilirubinemia in the newborn.
•      Hypersensitivity

Side Effects :

•  

Nursing Responsibilities :

1.Monitor Vitals

2. Assess for the clotting time.

3. Assess the bleeding frequency.

4. Maintain I/O chart.

5. Asses the skin texture of the patient.

6. Assess for any side effect.

          Blood clot formation or thrombosis is a symptom of vitamin K toxicity. Since Vitamin K help to form clots that protect from profuse bleeding, too much of it would cause excessive clotting.

Vitamin K IN Newborn

    A.  The newborn is at risk for hemorrhagic disorders  coagulation factors synthesized in the liver depend on vitamin K, Which is not synthesized until intestinal bacteria are present.

   B.   Newborns are deficient in vitamin k for the first 5 to 8 days of life because of the lack of intestinal bacteria.

1.2  : Use : Prophylaxis and treatment of hemorrhagic disease of the newborn.

1.3  Adverse Reaction : Vitamin K can cause hyperbilirubinemia in the newborn.

1.4  Interventions :

A.   Protect the medication from light.

B.   Administer during the early newborn period.

C.   Administer in the lateral aspect of the middle third of the vastus lateralis muscle of the thigh.

D.   Monitor for bruising at the injection site and for bleeding from the cord.

E.    Monitor for jaundice and monitor the bilirubin level because the medication can cause hyper bilirubinemia in the newborn.

01. Absorption of vitamin K is in presence of
A. Bile
B. Gastric juices
C. Insulin
D. None of the above.
Answer : A

02. Vitamin K function not occur due to 
A. Heparin
B. Warfarin
C. Amidarone
D. Nitroglycerine

Answer : B

03. The dose of vitamin k given for neonate is
A. 0.5mg

04. Antidote for Vitamin K
A. Warfarrin

 05. In neonates the vitamin k given

      A. Subcutaneous [ Lateral aspect of the middle third of the vastrus Thigh muscles ]

06. The route of Vitamin K administration in adult

      A. Intravenous