CPR Multiple Choice Questions

Multiple Choice Questions On Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

01. How much time we have to check the pulse before doing the CPR
A.  5 Min
B. 10 Min
C. 3 Min
D. 8 Min

Answer   :   B

02. How many Compressions given during rescuer CPR for a adult
A. 30

03. How much time we have to give the breaths during CPR
A. Over a 1 Second
B. Over a 1.5 Seconds
C. Over a 3 Seconds
D. Over a 4 Seconds

Answer : A

04. Nurse working in a ICU must be aware of the ratio of the chest compression to ventilation in CPR procedure is ( JIPMER 2013 )
a) 12 : 1
b) 12 : 2
c) 15 : 1
d) 15 : 2

Answer   :   15 : 2

05. For giving CPR, after ascertaining unresponsiveness one should
a) Call for help
b) Establish an airway
c) Check the carotid pulse
d) Give chest compressions

Answer   :   Call for help

Related Posts : 

Read More

Clopidogrel Tablets IP 300 mg

Clopidogrel Tablets IP 300 mg

Composition :

Each film coated tablet contains
Clopidogrel Bisulphate IP
equivalent to Clopidogrel 300 mg
Colous : Titanium Dioxide IP and
Red Oxide or Iron

Clinical Information :

Indications :

As loading dose in patients with non ST segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (Unstable Angina (UA)/Non ST segment elevation Myocardial infarction (NSTMEI)

Dosage and administration :

A loading dose of one tablet 0f 300 mg before PCI can be given with or without food.

Use In Children :

Safety and efficacy of clopidogrel is not established.

Contraindications :

• Hypersensitivity to Clopidogrel or any of its components.
• Active pathological bleeding such as peptic ulcer or intracranial hemorrhage.
• Pregnancy and lactation
• Severe liver impairment.

Warning and Precautions :

• In patients who may be at high risk of increased bleeding from trauma, surgery or other pathological conditions, clopidogrel should be used with caution. If a patient is to undergo elective surgery and an antiplatelet effect is not desired, clopidogrel should be discontinued 7 days prior to surgery.
• In patients who have lesions with a ropensity to bleed particularly gastrointestinal and intraocular, clopidogrel should be used with caution as it proolongs bleeding. Drugs that might induce such lesions ( such as aspirin and other NSAIDs) should be used with caution in patients taking clopidogrel.
• Patients should inform physicians and dentists that they are taking clopidogrel before surgery is scheduled and before any new drugs is taken.
• Pharmacogenetics : Based on literature data, patients with genetically reduced CYP2C19 function have lower systemic exposure to the active metabolite of clopidogrel and diminished antiplatelet responses, and generally exhibit higher cardiovascular event rates following myocardial infarction than do patients with normal CYP2C19 function.
• Since clopidogrel is metabolised to its active metabolite parlty by CYP2C19, use of drugs thant inhibit the activity of this enzyme would be expected to result in reduced drug levels of the active metabolite of clopidogrel and a reduction in clinical efficacy. Concomitant use of durgs that inhibit CYP2C19 should be discouraged.

Use in patients with impaired Liver Function

          As clopidogrel is metabolite by specific hepatic CYP isoenzymes, mild to moderate hepatic impairment appears to slow the metabolic  tranformation. Experience with the drug is limited in those with moderate hepatic impairment especially in those who may have bleeding diathesis. Clopidogrel must be used caution in this population.

Use in Patients with impaired Kidney Function

          Higher plasma levels of the main circulation metabolite have been observed in elderly compared to young healthy volunteers. But this is not associated with difference in platelet aggregation and bleeding item. So no dosage adjustment required in elderly patients.

Interactions :

• Invitro studies using higher concentrations of Clopidogrel showed inhibition of CYP2C9 isoenzyme. Interaction of clopidogrel with drugs such as amoxifen, phenytoin, tolbutamide, warfarin, torsemide, fluvastain and many nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may be possible. But there are no dat to predict the magnitude of these interactions.
• the anticoagulant properties of heparin were unaffected by concurrent administration of clinicaly relevant dosage of clopidogrel.
• Concomitant administration of aspirin >33-mg/ day plus clopidogrel 75 mg/day did not prolong bleeding time to a significantly greater extent that that attributable to clopidogrel alone. The safety of chronic concomitant administration of aspirin and clopidogrel is not established Clopidogrel potentiated the effect of aspirin on collagen induced platelet aggregation.
• Concomitant administration of clopidogrel and naproxen resulted in an increase of occult gastrointestinal blood loss in healthy volunteers.
• Coadministration with warfarin has not been studied. consequently, concomitant administration of these two agents should be undertaken with caution.
• The steady state pharmacokinetics profile of digoxin, and theophyline were unaffected by coadministration of clopidogrel for 10 days. Similarly the platelet antiaggregating properties of clopidogrel were unchanged by coadministration of theophyline in these studies.
• There is no evidence of pharmacodynamic interaction between

Related Posts : 

Read More

Nebulisation Therapy

Nebulisation Therapy

          Nebulisation is a drug delivery machine which is mostly need for a persons (patient’s) suffering with lungs disease’s like asthma, cystic fibrosis, COPD (Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) and other respiratory diseases.

Nebulizer are devices which are used to deliver moisture or medication and dispense their contents in a fine spray manner.

Purpose : 

A nebulizer is used to maintain airway hydration and for the administration of an aerosolized medication.

Equipments :

• Nebulizer
• Medication or nebulization solution 
• Oxygen source with tubing
• Face mask or ventury mask
• Cotton boll

Procedure 

1. Explain the procedure to the patient.
2. Clean the mask
3. Position the patient in the semi-Fowler’s position
4. Fill the nebulizer with medication
5. Connect the oxygen tubing to the nebulizer and regulate it
• Instruct the patient to breath through the nose and mouth,     
        steadily and deeply, until all the medicine is dispersed.
• Encourage the patient to cough.
• Switch off the nebulizing machine once the vapor stops.
• Replace the instrument. Document the duration, dose and the
        patient’s response.

Nebulization Therapy Images :

Related Posts : 

Read More

PCOD Multiple Choice Questions

Multiplce Choice Questions On Polycystic ovarian Disease ( PCOD )

GENERAL INFORMATION, RISK FACTORS AND CAUSES

01. What is the periodic discharge which comes every months from the female reproductive tract known as

a) Menstruration

b) Micturation

c) Menstrual cycle

d) Metabolic micturation

Answer   :   Menstruration

02. What is the duration of normal menstrual cycle

a) Every 28 days

b) Every 38 days

c) Every 48 days

d) Every 58 days

Answer   :   Every 38 days

3. How many ovaries does a female have

a) 4

b) 1

c) 3

d) 2

Answer   :   2

4. How many ovums will be released per month from the ovary

a) 3

b) 4

c) 2

d) 1

Answer   :   2

5. What is PCOD 

a) Polycystic ovular diseas

b) Polycystic omphalocele disease

c) Polycystic ovarian disease

d) Polycystic ovum disease

Answer   :   Polycystic ovarian disease

6. Which part of the body is affected in PCOD

a) Ovaries

b) Uterus

c) Cervix

d) Vagina

Answer   :   Ovaries

7. What is the main functioning of Ovaries

a) Secrete Hormones

b) Release Ovum

c) Produce menstruration

d) Release cysts

Answer   :   Secrete hormones

8. Which of the following groups are more prone to PCOD

a) Adolescents

b) Reproductive age women

c) Pregnant women

d) All of the above

Answer   :   Reproductive age women

9. What is the incidence of PCOD in recent times

a) Decreasing

b) Increasing

c) Not present at all

d) Stable

Answer   :   Increasing

10. Which of the following statement is correct

a) PCOD can occur in pregnancy

b) PCOD cannot occur in pregnancy

c) Both a and b are correct

d) None of the above

Answer   :   None of the above

11. Which of the following is major predisposing factor for PCOD

a) Smoking

b) Family history

c) Malnutrition

d) Short stature

Answer   :   Family history

12. Which of the following factors are risk factors of PCOD

a) Obesity and Diabetes

b) Hormonal imbalance and cancer

c) Pregnancy and Hypertension

d) Both a & b

Answer   :   Hormonal imbalance and cancer

13. What causes PCOD in reproductive age women

a) Use of oral contraceptive

b) Use of condoms

c) Use of intrauterine devices

d) Use of antiseptics

Answer   :   Use of oral contraceptive

14. Which of the following is the common cause for PCOD

a) Hormonal balance

b) Hormonal imbalance

c) Hormonal increase

d) Hormonal decrease

Answer   :   Hormonal imbalance

SYMPTOMS,DIAGNOSIS, MANAGEMENT, COMPLICATIONS,

15. Which of the following is the most common symptoms of PCOD

a) Less mensus

b) Irregular mensus

c) Regular mensus

d) Painful mensus

Answer   :   Irregular mensus

16. What skin changes are seen in PCOD clients

a) Oily skin

b) Dry skin

c) Wet skin

d) Cold and clammy skin

Answer   :   Oily skin

17. Which of the following mood wil be seen in girls with PCOD

a) Sad and depressed mood

b) Frustrated mood

c) Happy mood

d) Angry mood

Answer   :   Sad and depressed mood

18. What is the first method to diagnose PCOD
a) Careful history and physical examination
b) CT scan
c) MRI
d) Ultrasound

Answer   :   Ultrasound

19. Which of the following test is used to visualize cysts on the ovary
a) Echo
b) ECG
c) Blood test
d) Ultrasound

Answer   :   Ultrasound

20. What are the hormone levels to be measured in PCOD
a) Insulin and Glucagon
b) T3 & T4
c) Estrogen & Progesterone
d) Parathyroid Hormone

Answer   :   

21. Which hormone helps in the diagnosis of PCOD
a) Thyroid hormones
b) Parathyroid hormones
c) Insulin
d) Oxytocin

Answer   :   

22. What is the common treatment for PCOD
a) Medicines
b) Healthy diet
c) Healthy lifestyle
d) All of the above

Answer   :   Medicines

23. Which among the following measures should taken to control oily skin
a) Regular cleansing of the face
b) Bathing twice a day
c) Taking medicines
d) Using antiseptic lotions

Answer   :   Using antiseptic lotions

24. Which of the following measures can control obesity
a) Regular exercises and low fat diet
b) Regular exercises and high fat diet
c) Regular exercises and high protein diet
d) Regular exercises and high calories diet

Answer   :   Regular exercises and high protein diet

25. Which of the following helps to treat acne
a) Avoiding dirt and pollution
b) Using anti acne ointments
c) A healthy diet
d) All of the above

Answer   :   Using anti acne ointments

26. What is the best management in serious cases of PCOD
a) Medical management
b) Chemotherapy
c) Radiation therapy
d) Surgical management

Answer :

27. What is the surgery to treat PCOD
a) Laproscopic ovular drilling
b) Laproscopic ovum drilling
c) Laproscopic ovarian drilling
d) Laproscopic ovican drilling

Answer   :   Laproscopic ovarian drilling

28. Which is the best surgery to treat PCOD in reproduction age women
a) Ovary removal
b) Ovarian transplantation
c) Ovary repair
d) Ovary sutures

Answer :

29. How does laproscopic ovarian drilling help to treat PCOD
a) Stop menstruration
b) Prolong menstruation
c) Induce menstruation
d) Remove ovaries

Answer : 

30. What is the factor that complicates if PCOD is not treated
a) High blood pressure
b) Kidney stones
c) Thyroid problems
d) Diabetes

Answer :

31. Which of the following is a complication of PCOD in relation to pregnancy
a) Abortion
b) Infertility
c) Mental retardation of the baby
d) Cancer of the uterus

Answer :

PREVENTION

32. Which of the factors should be controlled to prevent PCOD
a) Irregular menstruration
b) Diabetes
c) Obesity
d) All of the above

Answer   :   Obesity

33. Which of the following should be treated and controlled to prevent PCOD
a) Cancer
b) Piles
c) Cavities
d) Obesity

Answer   :   Obesity

34. What is the best way to avoid PCOD
a) Maintain correct body weight
b) Avoidance of smooking
c) Good exercises and healthy diet
d) All of the above

Answer   :   Maintain correct body weight

35. What is the measure to be taken as a part of our lifestyle to prevent PCOD
a) Regular checkups
b) Exercises
c) Maintain correct Body Mass Index
d) All of the above

Answer   :   All of the above

PCOD MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

Related Posts : 

Read More