Infection control guidelines for handling blood & body fluids spills

Infection control guidelines for handling blood & body fluids spills

1. Types of spills

a. Major spill:

If spill blood/body fluid quantity is >30 ml, it should be considered as a major spill.

b. Minor Blood spill:

If spill blood or body fluid quantity is <30 ml, it should be considered as a minor spill.

2. The content of the spill:

Sputum, vomit, stools, urine, blood, or laboratory culture.

3. Whom to contact in case of spill:

a. In case of minor spill
Concerned department nursing staff should instruct housekeeping staff to wear PPE and clean the spill area with 1% Sodium hypochlorite added solution.

b. In case of major spill
In-charge nurse should inform the HAZMAT team.

4. Members of the hazmat team:

• Floor administrator

• Floor Housekeeping supervisor

• Infection control nurse

• In charge nurse

• Shift in charge nurse

• Ward boy

5. Contents of Spill kit

• Gloves

• Gown

• Face mask

• CAP

Universal Standard Precautions

For Infection Control

1. Hand Hygiene

2. Personnel Protective Equipments

3. Safe Handling and Disposal of Sharps

4. Follow needle stick injury protocol

5. Safe Handling and Disposal of Wastes

6. Managing Blood and Body Fluids

7. Disinfection of the Equipments

8. Environmental Disinfection

9. Immunization

10. Isolation

Hand Hygiene :

Hand wash/hand rub is the most effective way to prevent the spread of infections in hospitals:

• Before and after each patient contact

• Before and after any procedure

• Before and after wearing gloves

• After contact with body fluids

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LIST OF HIGH ALERT MEDICATIONS

• LEVOSIMENDAN

• DOPAMINE

• DOBUTAMINE

• ADRENALINE

• ISOPRENALINE

• NOR-ADRENALINE

• DIGOXIN

• MILRINONE

• THEOPHYLLINE

• INSULIN

• DILTIAZEM

• VERAPAMIL

• FLECAINIDE

MODERATE SEDATION AGENTS

• MIDAZOLAM

• DIAZEPAM

• LORAZEPAM

NARCOTICS / OPIATES, IV AND ORAL

• FENTANYL

• MORPHINE

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 Prolactin Hormone Test Normal Values - Hormones

• Prolactin Normal Values : 4.79 – 23.3 ng/mL

Reference Ranges :

• Pre-menopausal females: 3.3 – 26.7 ng/mL
• Pregnancy: 9.7 – 208.5 ng/mL
• Post-menopausal females: 2.7 – 19.6 ng/mL
• Males: 2.6 – 13.1 ng/mL

Possible Reasons for Elevated Prolactin:

• Physiological causes: stress, sleep, physical activity, sexual activity, nipple stimulation
• Pathological causes: pituitary tumors (e.g., prolactinoma), hypothyroidism, PCOS
• Medications: antipsychotics, antidepressants, antiemetics
• Macroprolactin: biologically inactive prolactin complex (suggested if symptoms are absent)

Videos : 

 

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Bedsores (Pressure Ulcers) - Symptoms, Grades, Complications and Treatment

 Bedsores ( Pressure Ulcers )

Introduction

Damage of skin and under laying tissues.

Places : 

heels, elbows, back of the herd, tailbone(coccyx).

Bedsore Grades : 

4 levels.

Grade 1 :

Skin discoloration(red, blue, purple, black)

Treatment : symptomatic Treatment

Grade 2 :

Some skin loss / damage to top layers. 

Treatment : Dressing

Grade 3 :

Necrosis(death) or damage to the skin path. limited to the skin layers. Blister Formation.

Grade 4 :

Necrosis (death) or damage of skin patch and underlying structures. 

Treatment : Antibiotic

Example : Tendon  joint or bone

COMPLICATIONS:

1) sepsis (Bacteria entering into blood stream)

2) Cellulitis (Inflammation of body tissue causing swelling and  redness.

3) Bone and Joint Infection.

4) Abscess (A collection of pus)

5) Cancer (Squamous cell carcinoma)

Treatment :

Position change : 2nd

Daily skin care : keep skin moisture

Nutritious diet : Protein, vitamin A, vitamin C, Zinc.

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 Suture Removal Duration

Scalp 5 days

Face 3 to 5 days

Neck 5 to 7

Arms 7 -10

Leg 10 -14

Trunk 10-14 

Thorax 10 to 12

Joints 14 dyas

Abdomen 12 to 14

palm and soles 14 to 21 days

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Medical paint 

          Medical paint is different from normal paint. It applied in the wall of the particular rooms especially in clean room. It has contain various features from normal paint. It main function is to protect from the Infection in particular area.

Features : 

• Nonporous and easy for cleaning
• Moisture Resistant
• Anti-bacterial
• Anti fungal
• Smooth
  
• Has no crevice or seams

Recommended Use :

• Interiors of Hospitals
• All health care facilites
• Hotesl
• Schools
• Washrooms
• Kitchens
• Living Rooms

Refferences :

• https://www.jotunprofessionals.com/me/en/b2b/project_solutions/health_care/index.html
• MOH UAE Outpaint Checklist

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Pharmacy Sign Board

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 Whom we need to complain if no doctors in a hospital for longtime

          If the doctor is not their in the duty you can raise the complaint to Medical Director or Administrator of the Hospital.

          Before raising complaint on doctor first of all confirm the doctor available times in a day and confirm whether doctor is in leave or attending any patient for emergency case. In sometime doctors visit the Inpatient area patients due to delay may occur for the OP patients. Clarify all the information about the doctor availability.

        Even doctor is not attending regular duties or not available in duty hours complaint can raise on the doctor to the Administrator or Medical Director of the Hospital in verbal or written format 

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