Stomach Anatomy

Anatomy Of Stomach

• It is the most dilated part of the digestive tube occupies the epigastric, Umblical and left hypochondrial regions.

• It is a continuation downwards esophagus.

• Below it is continued as duodenum.

• It is ‘j’ shaped and has 2 ends, cardiac and pyloric, 2 orifices cardiac and pyloric.

         2 borders : Lesser curvature and greater curvature.
         2 surfaces : Anterosuperior and posteroinferiror.
         3 parts : Funds, body and pylorus,
         2 angles : Cardiac and incisures angularis.

• Through the cardiac orifice, it communicates with esophagus, through the pyloric orifice, it communicate with duodenum.

• The fundus is the uppermost part of stomach which is filled with only gas.

• The pylorus is the lower most part of stomach.

• It is divided into two parts : pyloric antrum and pyloric canal.

• Peritoneal attachments of stomach : the lesser curvatures gives attachment to greater omentum which connects the stomach to the colon end of the large intestive.

• The fundus will give attachment to gastroplenic ligament which connects the stomach to the spleen.

• Blood supply : the stomach is supplied by right and left gastric arteries right and left gastro epilploic arteries, short gastric arteries.

• Venous Drainage : Veins correspond to arteries and they all drain into portal vein.

• Nerve Supply : Vagus nerves, lymphatic drainage into the celiac group of lymph nodes.

• With in the wall of the stomach, there are four layers. From inside outwards they are mucosa, sub mucosa, muscular layer and serosa.

• The mucosa of the stomach is thrown into temporary folds called rugae. They will disappear when the stomach is filled with food.

• The muscular layer is composed of smooth muscle fibres which are arranged in 3 layers, inner oblique, middle circular and outer longitudinal.

• The contraction of oblique muscle fibres make the food with in the stomach into a very free consistency.

• The middle circular fibres will close the pyloric opening of the stomach and will not allow the food to leave the stomach till digestion is complete.

• The longitudinal muscle fibers will empty the stomach outer the digestion is complete.

Applied Anatomy :

peptic ulcer : Inflammation of gastric mucosa is called as gastritis. If not treated it can lead to the formation of an ulcer called as peptic ulcer.

DOWNLOAD

Related Posts : 

Read More

Esophagus

Anatomy Of Esophagus

• It is the continuation downwards of pharynx starts at the level of C6 vertebra in the lower part of the neck.

• It passes downwards through the superior and posterior mediastinum of thorax.

• It pierces the diaphragm at the level of T10 vertebra enters the abdominal cavity where it is continued as stomach.

• The esophagus shows four constrictions 

         --- At the beginning

·                                  Where it is crossed by arch of aorta.

·                                   Where it is crossed by left bronchus.

·                                   While it is passing through the diaphragm.

• Blood supply : esophageal arteries.

• Nerve supply : vagus nerve.

Applied Anatomy :

     Any problem with pharynx or esophagus, the person will have difficulty in swallowing. This condition is known as dysphasia.

Related Posts :

Read More

Pharynx anatomy

Pharynx

• It is present in the upper part of the digestive system. It extends from the base of the skull to c6 vertebra.

• Anteriorly it is open and communicates with nasal cavity, oral cavity and larynx.

• The part communicating with nasal cavity is called as nasopharynx communicating with oral cavity is called as oropharynx,  communicating with larynx is called laryngopharynx.

• Pharynx is the common passage for both air and food.

• In the laryngopharynx they get separated.

• Air will enter the larynx and food will enter the oesophagus.

• Within the wall of pharynx, four layers are present from inside outward they are mucosa, sub mucosa, muscular layer and adventitia.

• In the muscular layer, there are e pairs of circular muscles ie superior constrictor, middle constrictor and inferior constrictor. 3 pairs of longitudinal muscles ie stylopharyngeus, palate pharyngeus and salpingo pharyngeous.

• In the lateral walls of naso pharynx there are opening for the auditory tubes, which will communicate the pharynx with the middle layer cavity.

• In the roof of nasopharynx a collection of lumphatic vessels is present known as nasopharyngeal tonsil.

Related Posts :

Read More

Lines around mouth : remove lines around mouth.

Lines around Mouth

• To reduce the lines around your mouth , apply nourishing cream and massage daily with fingertips.

• Wipe off with moist cotton wool.

• Mix oats with egg white and apply around the mouth twice a week.

Read More

Lines under eye : Removing lines under eye.

Under eye lines

• Around eyes, apply pure almond oil sparingly and massage it lightly into the skin, using one finger, for one minute under each eye every day.

• Massage in one direction only.

• Leave on for 15 min and wipe off gently with moist cotton wool.

• Mix cucumber juice and potato juice in equal quantities.

• Apply under the eyes daily for 20 min.

• Wash off with water.

Read More